Factors Affecting Survival in Patients With Brain Metastasis

Factors affect Survival in Patients With under(a)standing MetastasisPrognostic factors affecting the endurance in coarseanimouss with virtuoso metastasis A Retrospective studyAbstractAims To determine presbyopic term choice and sign factors in endurings with humour metastases who underwent whole head teacher radi otherwiseapy.Introduction Multiple hotshot metastases are unfortunate consequence, frequently ready in patients of advanced cancer. The prognosis, even after treatment with Whole-Brain radiation therapy Therapy (WBRT) is unforesightful with an average expected natural selection term of Materials methods From January 2005 to August 2010, medical records of 186 patients with diagnosing of encephaloniac metastasis were analyze. Out of these, 140 patients who receive WBRT chemotherapy were included and 26 patients who did non take any treatment for wizard metastasis were excluded from the study. The vaticination factors evaluated for customary exc erption of the fittest were ECOG exertion side, gender, age, number of lesions, elementary tumor site, primary tumor spot, wastedcranial metastases and chemotherapy radiotherapy.reticuloendothelial systemults The all general median selection was three months and bingle 2 year endurance was 8.57% and 3.57%, respectively. The roughly common primary tumor site was lung 82 (44.08%) come uped by breast 46 (24.73%), renal cell carcinoma 11 (5.91%) and unknown primary 11 (5.91%). The overall median survival of the fittest was 3 months, maximum beingness 4.5 months in patients with breast cancer. and at adept year survival 6/33(18.2%) in breast cancer patients (p=0.10). In this series, the patients with higher perform posture (p=0.21), cancer breast (p=0.10) and solitary consciousness metastasis (p=0.0003) with primary tumor controlled (p=0.14) had cave in survival.Conclusion This study suggests that patients with some prognostic factors have exhaustively survival. So the overall assessment of the patient is always best d mavin at the bedside and must be individualized. The above mentioned clinical features should be considered and hopefully provide aid in the decision regarding treatment of brain metastases.Key course Brain metastasis, prognostic factors, solitary metastasis, whole brain radiotherapy.IntroductionBrain metastasis is one of the most feared consequences of cancer. It is devastating both to patients and their families. Progression of brain metastases whitethorn ca substance abuse headache, nausea, vomiting, neurologicalal deficits, cognitive decline, delirium and eventually death. Patients with brain metastases fall in dilemma for palliative health care professionals in terms of whether to expire with whole brain radiotherapy or hospice placement. Metastasis to the brain occurs in most 20% of the patients with limited survival and worse quality of life. 1 Glucocorticoids and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has been the mainstay of treatment while craniotomy for tumor resection has been the standard local anaesthetic treatment for solitary lesion. The median survival of un do by patients is approximately one month, 1.6 months in patients treated with steroids only, 3.6 months in patients treated with radiotherapy and 8.9 months in patients treated with neurosurgery followed by radiotherapy. 2, 3 Some of the strong prognostic factors for survival are performance shape, response to steroids and status of general disease. The main goal of WBRT is to purify neurologic deficits caused by the metastases and surrounding edema and to prevent any further declination of the neurologic function. The extent of improvement after WBRT is directly related to the prison term from diagnosis to radiation therapy and early treatment is in the main associated with a break off outcome. 4, 5The overall response rate to WBRT ranges from 50-85% in various studies. Traditionally, surgical resection has been offered rarel y to patients with multiple metastases because of resection related excessive morbidity. The majority of patients who achieved control of cranial metastasis died from reform-minded extracranial disease whereas the cause of death in most of the cases is due to systema nervosum centrale disease in patients with recurrent brain metastases. 4, 6 In this study, the prognostic factors were evaluated for survival in patients with diagnosis of brain metastasis who receive WBRT.Materials MethodsThe records of 186 patients with brain metastases in surrounded by January 2005 to August 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Out of these, 46 patients not willing for radiotherapy and who chose only best supportive care were not included in the study. exclusively the remaining 140 patients were planned WBRT after starting dexamethasone, mannitol and other supportive treatment. With diagnosis of brain metastasis, the hobby variables were analyzed for survival ECOG performance status, gender, age , number of brain lesions, primary tumor site (Table 2), extra cranial metastases, treatment of primary disease and radiotherapy (Table-1). The survival time was considered as time between diagnosis of brain metastasis and croak follow up or recorded death.Brain metastases were detected by computed imagination (CT) or magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan. All patients were treated with WBRT on telecobalt units Therateron 780 C and 780 E. The WBRT was given by bilateral fields. The total sexually transmitted disease was 30-36 Gy with a median of 30 Gy delivered in twain weeks, five fractions per week 3 Gy per fraction. The supportive care (dexamethasone mannitol) was started at the beginning of treatment and continued during radiotherapy. Chemotherapy was administered to the patients with good performance status and progressive systemic disease after WBRT. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for windows, version 20.0.ResultsOne hundred forty patients were analyzed who completed WBRT and came for follow up. The survival results were computed by recorded deaths (97 cases) or last follow up (43 cases). The overall median survival was 3 months, and the one cardinal year survival was 12 (8.57%) and 5 (3.57%). One patient of carcinoma breast (primary under control) with brain metastasis was alive at the time of this abbreviation with survival time of 4.2 years. Those patients who had solitary brain metastasis (p=0.0003), high ECOG performance status (p=0.21), controlled extracranial disease (p=0.14) and breast carcinoma (p=0.10) had die survival (Table 2 3). The single most significant prognostic factor associated with get around survival was solitary brain metastasis (p=0.0003).DiscussionWith gradual improvements in the care of cancer patients, longer survival is expected even in patients with metastatic disease. In this study, patients with brain metastases who received WBRT unsocial or WBRT followed by chemotherapy were evaluated.Studies of ultra rapid fractionated WBRT (10 Gy in 1 fraction, 12 Gy in 2 fractions, 15 Gy in 2 fractions over 3 days) as carried out by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and other investigators showed a possible increased risk of herniation and death inwardly a few days after treatment and are generally avoided. Likewise, no advantage was seen with extended fractionation (50Gy in 20 fractions or 54.4Gy at 1.6Gy twice daily) compared to the more commonly prescribed 30Gy in 10 fractions. 6, 7, 8, 9 Regimens using 10 or fewer fractions are used in patients with poor prognosis, since such patients are not expected to live long enough to experience serious side effects. The institutional protocol followed in our patients is 30 Gy in10 fractions, 3 Gy per fraction but in patients with good general condition and primary disease under control having solitary brain metastasis, the dose was escalated by 6 Gy to give total tumor dose of 36 Gy.The end point of this study was to evaluate the dif ferent prognostic factors related with overall survival in patients with brain metastasis. The prognostic factors associated with better survival were solitary metastasis (p=0.0003), breast carcinoma (p=0.10), female sex (p=0.12), primary under control (p=0.14), higher ECOG performance status (p=0.21). These prognostic factors have in addition showed better survival in other studies. 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 Out of above mentioned prognostic factors only solitary brain metastasis was statistically significant (p=0.0003) other factors could not show statistical significance which may be due to piffling number of study sample.Lutterbach et al reported overall median survival of 3.4 months, two yea and three years survival were 5.6% (n=48) and 2.9% (n=25), respectively. 14 Survival of two years or more was observed in RTOG recursive equipment failure analysis (RPA) class 1 2 patients. Within both classes, survival was significantly better for patients with a single brain metastasis compa red with those having multiple brain metastases. In our study, the overall median survival was 3 months, and the one two year survival was 8.57% (n=12) and 3.57% (n=5), respectively and solitary brain metastases survival was significantly better than multiple metastasis (p=0.0003). There is small difference in two years survival in both studies because in our study, no patient received Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) however, a larger recently published ladder (RTOG 95-08) provides get evidence for the use of SRS boost following WBRT in patients with newly diagnosed one to three brain metastases. 15In other recent studies, the aim of WBRT following definitive treatment (surgery or SRS) of one to three metastases was most extensively evaluated in a trial conducted by the European Organization for look and performment of crabby person (EORTC 22952-26001) which was presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) clash in 2009 . In that trial, 359 patients with one to three brain metastases were randomly delegate to WBRT or observation following definitive treatment of their metastases with either SRS (n = 199) or surgery (n = 160). Despite the better control of the brain metastases, overall survival was virtually the same following WBRT (median 10.7 and 10.9 months). 16Pease NJ et al showed that patients survival with WBRT was increased by an additional three to seven months from unselected aggroup (three to six months) if they are in the high performance status group. 17 For those in poor performance status groups, there was no overall survival benefit. In our study, ECOG performance status 1 2 had better overall median survival (3.4 months) and one year survival (7.85%) as compared to ECOG status 3 and 4 (p=0.21).Lagerwaaed FJ et al reported that lesser systemic tumor activity was showed better median survival ranges from 6.6 months for the none group (no extracranial disease) to 3.4 months in the limited group and 2.4 months in the exte nsive group (primary torrential other systemic metastasis). 18 In our study, overall survival was 2.2 months 4 months in active primary disease and controlled primary with or without systemic metastases respectively.In our study, female showed better survival than male patients (p=0.12). This may be due to all breast cancer cases were females and breast cases showed better survival than others. other studies did not show gender related survival difference.ConclusionWBRT continues to be an efficacious treatment in the management of brain metastasis. Despite the use of WBRT, outcomes are poor and efforts should be made to incorporate multimodality approaches including surgery, radiosurgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitizers to improve survival mainly in patients with single metastasis, good performance status and extra cranial disease controlled.ReferencesPosner JB, Chernik NL. Intracranial metastases from systemic cancer. Adv Neurol 197819579-92.Coia LR. The role of radia tion therapy in the treatment of brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 199223229-38.Lagerwaard FJ, Levendag PC, Nowak PJ, Eijkenboom WM, Hanssens PE, Schmitz PI. appointment of prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases A review of 1292 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 199943795-803.Lassman AB, DeAngelis LM. Brain metastases. Neurol Clin 2003 211-23.Patchell RA, Regine WF. The rationale for adjuvant whole brain radiation therapy with radiosurgery in the treatment of single brain metastases. 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